Design and Development of a Running Speed Timer Device Using a Microcontoller-Based Internet of Things (IoT) System for Elementary Schools

Abstract

Background: The rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoT) provides opportunities for innovation in the field of education, particularly in physical education learning. Traditionally, measuring running speed in elementary school physical education has been conducted manually, which is often less accurate and time-consuming. Therefore, the development of an automatic and real-time tool to detect running speed is necessary to improve the efficiency and objectivity of learning assessments.

Objectives: This study aims to develop a real-time, microcontroller-based IoT running speed detection tool that can be applied in elementary school physical education learning as a modern and effective alternative to manual methods.

Methods: This research employed a Research and Development (R&D) design using a procedural model. The development process included needs analysis, product design, expert validation, revision, small-scale trials, and large-scale trials. The participants involved media experts, theorists, and material experts for validation, as well as elementary school students for trials. The validation process assessed feasibility through expert judgment, while data collection was carried out using questionnaires and performance testing of the tool. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics to determine feasibility levels and product effectiveness.

Results: Validation results showed a feasibility level of 86% from media experts, 78% from theorists, and a “very good” rating from material experts. Trial results demonstrated that the tool effectively detected running speed automatically, efficiently, and in real-time. Moreover, it provided convenience for teachers in evaluating student performance in physical education. These findings indicate that the developed tool is highly suitable for implementation in elementary schools as an innovative alternative to traditional manual timekeeping methods.

Conclusion: The developed IoT-based running speed detection tool has been proven feasible and effective for use in elementary school physical education learning. Its ability to provide real-time, accurate, and efficient measurements supports modern and data-driven educational practices. This innovation encourages the integration of IoT technology into physical education, offering significant benefits for both teachers and students.