Potential of Biosurfactant Extracted from Averrhoa bilimbi Leaves Using the Maceration Method
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30595/rice.v4i1.264Keywords:
Saponins, Biosurfactants, Natural surfactants, Maceration, extractionAbstract
The utilization of natural resources as raw materials for biosurfactants is increasingly urgent to reduce dependence on synthetic surfactants that have the potential to pollute the environment. One potential natural source is Averrhoa bilimbi leaves, which contain chemical compounds such as saponins. This compound acts as a natural biosurfactant that is not only effective but also environmentally friendly, so it can be a solution in overcoming the negative impact of synthetic surfactant use. This study aims to determine the optimal level of saponin as a biosurfactant from starfruit wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi) by varying the ratio of starfruit leaf extraction and solvent, as well as examining the height and stability of foam produced by saponin from starfruit wuluh leaves. In addition, this study evaluated the effect of pH on the performance of saponin from star fruit as a biosurfactant. The method used was maceration extraction using ethanol solvent. Saponin testing was carried out by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) test to determine the saponin content of each sample. The test results showed that the highest saponin content was found in the starfruit leaf extraction: solvent ratio variation of 1:12, namely 6.12%, while the best foam height and foam stability test results were found in the starfruit leaf extraction: solvent ratio variation of 1:10, where no foam disappeared for 15 minutes. The pH test showed that pH 7 is considered safe for the environment. Thus, saponin extract from belimbing wuluh leaves has the potential to be an effective and sustainable biosurfactant, which can be a more environmentally friendly alternative to synthetic chemical-based surfactants.
References
P. Johnson, A. Trybala, V. Starov, and V. J. Pinfield, “Effect of synthetic surfactants on the environment and the potential for substitution by biosurfactants,” Adv Colloid Interface Sci, vol. 288, no. 102340, p. 102340, Dec. 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2020.102340.
N. N. Larasati, S. Y. Wulandari, L. Maslukah, M. Zainuri, and Kunarso, “Kandungan Pencemar Detejen Dan Kualitas Air Di Perairan Muara Sungai Tapak, Semarang,” Indonesian Journal of Oceanography, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 1–13, Mar. 2021, doi: 10.14710/ijoce.v3i1.9470.
K. Sharma et al., “Saponins: A concise review on food related aspects, applications and health implications,” Oct. 01, 2023, Elsevier Ltd. doi: 10.1016/j.focha.2023.100191.
R. Fahrunnida. Pratiwi, “Kandungan Saponin Buah, Daun dan Tangkai Daun Belimbing Wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) ,” Prosiding KPSDA, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 220–224, Mar. 2015.
Mahreni, D. R. Lucitasari, and M. Puspitasari, Biosurfaktan, 1st ed. Yogyakarta: Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat UPN Veteran Yogyakarta, 2021.
Nurhasanah, V. Sheiscatamya, S. Bahri, A. Laila, A. A.Kiswandono, and N. L. G. R. Juliasih, “Optimasi Produksi Biosurfaktan dari Bakteri Isolat Lokal Asal Sedimen Perairan Pelabuhan Panjang, Lampung,” KIMIA PADJAJARAN, vol. 1 No 2, pp. 74–84, Jul. 2023.
Rosalin, M. Yasser, S. Kishan, and N. A. Syuhada, “Karakterisasi Bisurfakan Dari Ekstrak Daun Bidara dan Kulit Pepaya,” Seminar Nasional Penelitian & Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 2022, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 106–111, Sep. 2022.
S. A. Tahir, Hamsina, and M. Tang, “Formulasi Optimum Deterjen Cair dari Ekstrak Bunga Kembang Sepatu sebagai Biosurfakatan,” SAINTIS, vol. 4, no. 1, Apr. 2023.
A. R. Hakim and R. Saputri, “Narrative Review: Optimasi Etano Sebagai Senyawa Flavonoid dan Fenolik,” Jurnal Surya Medika, vol. 6, pp. 177–180, Aug. 2020.
R. Qorriaina, L. C. Hawa, and R. Yulianingsih, “Aplikasi Pra-Perlakuan Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE) Pada Ekstrak Daun Kemangi (Ocimum sanctum) Menggunakan Rotary Evaporator (Studi Pada Variasi Suhu dan Waktu Ekstraksi),” Jurnal Bioproses Komoditas Tropis, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 32–38, 2015.
A. Muthoharoh and Zainab, “Penetapan Kadar Naftokuinon Total, Dan Aktivitas Antifungi Fraksi Tidak Larut Etil Asetat Ekstrak Etanol Daun Pacar Kuku (Lawsonia Inermis L.),” Pharmaciana, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 199–208, 2015, doi: 10.12928/pharmaciana.v5i2.2371.
N. Elboughdiri, “Effect of Time, Solvent-Solid Ratio, Ethanol Concentration and Temperature on Extraction Yield of Phenolic Compounds From Olive Leaves,” Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 2805–2808, Apr. 2018, doi: 10.48084/etasr.1983.
Y. Hu et al., “Optimisation of Ethanol-Reflux Extraction of Saponins from Steamed Panax notoginseng by Response Surface Methodology and Evaluation of Hematopoiesis Effect,” Molecules, vol. 23, no. 5, 2018, doi: 10.3390/molecules23051206.
J. E. Lee et al., “The Influence of Solvent Choice on the Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Asteraceae: A Comparative Review,” Oct. 01, 2024, Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI). doi: 10.3390/foods13193151.
W. Astuti, D. Susanti, and Tutik, “Uji Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Daun Belimbing Wuluh (Averrhoa Bilimbi L.) Terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus Aureus Dan Escherichia Coli Menggunakan Metode Dilusi,” Jurnal Ilmu Kedokteran dan Kesehatan, vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 2549–4864, Nov. 2024, [Online]. Available: http://ejurnalmalahayati.ac.id/index.php/kesehatan
P. D. Meshram, S. Shingade, and C. S. Madankar, “Comparative study of saponin for surfactant properties and potential application in personal care products,” in Materials Today: Proceedings, Elsevier Ltd, 2021, pp. 5010–5013. doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2021.01.448.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Cindy Dwi Sekar Arum, Cintiya Septa Hasannah, Alfieta Rohmaful Aeni
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
